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hydnoid fungi
The hydnoid fungi are a group of fungi in the Basidiomycota with basidiocarps (fruit bodies) producing spores on pendant, tooth-like or spine-like projections. They are colloquially called tooth fungi. Originally such fungi were referred to the genus ''Hydnum'' ("hydnoid" means ''Hydnum''-like), but it is now known that not all hydnoid species are closely related.
==History==
''Hydnum'' was one of the original genera created by Linnaeus in his ''Species Plantarum'' of 1753. It contained all species of fungi with fruit bodies bearing pendant, tooth-like projections. Subsequent authors described around 900 species in the genus.〔http://www.indexfungorum.org/Names/names.asp?strGenus=Hydnum〕 With increasing use of the microscope, it became clear that not all tooth fungi were closely related and most ''Hydnum'' species were gradually moved to other genera. The Dutch mycologist Rudolph Arnold Maas Geesteranus paid particular attention to the group, producing a series of papers reviewing the taxonomy of hydnoid fungi.〔Maas Geesteranus RA. (1960-1974). Notes on Hydnums I - IX, in ''Persoonia'' and ''Proceedings Koninkl. Nederl. Akad. Wetenschappen''〕〔Maas Geesteranus RA. (1967). Quelques champignons hydnoides du Congo. ''Bull. Jardin. Bot. Nat. Belg.'' 37:77-107.〕〔Maas Geesteranus RA. (1971). ''Hydnaceous fungi of the eastern old world.'' Amsterdam: North-Holland Publishing Co. ISBN 0-7204-8222-4〕〔Maas Geesteranus RA. (1974). Studies in the genera ''Irpex'' and ''Steccherinum''. ''Persoonia'' 7: 443-581.〕
The original genus ''Hydnum'' is still current, but is now restricted to the type species, ''Hydnum repandum'', and its relatives in the order Cantharellales. Other species originally described in ''Hydnum'' have been reassigned to various genera in various orders including the Agaricales, Auriculariales, Gomphales, Hymenochaetales, Polyporales, Russulales, Thelephorales and Trechisporales.〔〔Hibbett D et al. (2007) A higher-level phylogenetic classification of the ''Fungi''. ''Mycological Research'' 111: 509-547.〕〔Larsson K-H. (2007). Re-thinking the classification of corticioid fungi. ''Mycological Research'' 111: 1040-1063.〕
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